Python Built-in Types

Built-in Types

Numeric — int, long, float, complex

type	description
int	plain integers
long	long integers
float	floating point numbers, here is some additional methods
complex	complex numbers. To extract these parts from a complex number z, use z.real and z.imag.

Sequence Types — str, unicode, list, tuple, buffer, xrange

type	description
str	strings. Some methods are listed below, or read String Method for more infomation.
unicode	Unicode strings. much like strings, but are specified in the syntax using a preceding 'u' character: u'abc', u"def".
list	lists, constructed with square brackets, separating items with commas.
tuple	tuples, constructed without square brackets, separating items with commas
buffer	buffers, not directly supported by Python syntax. read buffer() to get details
xrange	xrange objects, similar to buffers. read xrange() to get details

String objects

#Return a string with first character capitalized.
#similar to css text-transform
str.capitalize()
str.lower()
str.upper()
str.swapcase()

#get the first index of the substring
str.find(sub[, start[, end]])
# similar to find(), but raise ValueError if not found.
str.index(sub[, start[, end]])
#search from the end to the start
str.rfind(sub[, start[, end]])
str.rindex(sub[, start[, end]])

#replace the old substring with the new substring
str.replace(old, new[, count])

#split the string with separator
str.split([sep[, maxsplit]])
str.splitlines([keepends])
str.rsplit([sep[, maxsplit]])

#remove the leading and trailing characters
#you can specify characters to remove from the leading and trailing
str.strip([chars])

Extended read: String Formatting Operations

Lists objects
Fredrik Lundh - An Introduction to Python Lists

#To create a list
L = []
#OR
L = list()

#To get the length of an unknown size array
n = len(L)

#Add items to list
L.append(item)
L.extend(sequence)
L.insert(index, item)

#Sort the list
L.sort()

Extended read: Mutable Sequence Types

File Objects

#open the file, similar fopen in C
file = open(filename[, mode[, bufsize]])

#read the file
file.read([size])
file.readline([size])
file.readlines([size])

#write to file
file.write(str)
file.writelines(sequence)

#close the tile
file.close()